南方水稻浅沟渗灌节水技术研究

Study on water saving technology of permeating irrigationthrough shallow furrow to southern rice

利用大田试验和盆栽模拟试验,对南方水稻的浅沟渗灌技术进行研究。结果表明,在南方气候条件下,当粘质水稻土的含水量为饱和田间持水量的75%时,土壤水分渗透速率达115cm/h,说明浅沟渗灌栽培完全可以满足水稻生长对水分的需求。与常规淹灌栽培相比,通过浅沟渗灌技术,可以大量节省水稻栽培的用水量并显著提高产量,早稻、晚稻浅沟渗灌栽培可分别节水50%和40%,可分别增产约12%和8%。在晚稻盆栽模拟试验条件下,由于缺乏地下水的补充,节水率仅有38%。在总节水量中,减少蒸腾量节水约占1/4、减少蒸发量节水约占1/4、减少渗漏量节水约占1/2。

The technology on irrigation permeated by shallow furrow for southern rich has been studied by the experiment in field and pot culture.The results have shown that under southern climate condition,the permeating velocity of water in the clay soil comes up 115 cm per hour,when the water content in the soil is seventy-five percent of field moisture capacity,and this has shown that irrigation permeated by shallow furrow to the rice can meet the requirements of the rice to water.Under the irrigation permeated by shallow furrow,irrigation water for the rice can be saved greatly and the yield of rice can be increased significantly.If irrigation permeated by shallow furrow is contrasted with the shallow water irrigation,under irrigation permeated by shallow furrow,the early paddy rice can save 50 percent of water and increase 12 percent of the yield,and the late paddy rice saves 40 percent of water and increases 8 percent of the yield.Under the pot experiment of late rice,the water saving rate permeable irrigation is 38 percent and it is lower,because there is no the supplement of groundwater.In total water saving capacity,saving water by decreasing transpiration capacity comes up 25 percent,and water saving by decreasing evaporation capacity comes up 25 percent,and water saving by decreasing seepage capacity comes up 50 percent.