英国职业足球近10年发展述评——经济视角

Development of English Professional Football Over the Last Decade—— — Economic Dimension

从电视转播权合同、球场重建、俱乐部上市三方面综述了英国职业足球近10年的商业化发展情况,以及由此带来的对英国足球文化、俱乐部运作模式、联赛发展状态等方面的影响。得出如下结论:(1)英国职业足球是在1992年以后愈加商业化的,直接影响因素是电视转播权出售带来的巨大收入;(2)英超的经营模式与美国的NFL或NBA有所不同,英超联盟收入分配政策造成俱乐部之间的贫富差距,导致联赛市场的不平衡;(3)英国足球俱乐部的球场重建改善了英国足球的形象,但也给俱乐部提高门票价格提供了借口;(4)职业俱乐部上市,使英国传统的俱乐部性质发生了根本性质的改变,原来的业余主义足球文化逐渐被销蚀,足球产业化愈演愈烈。另外,上市俱乐部在俱乐部的治理模式上也发生着变化。5)英国职业足球俱乐部的经济状况并不乐观,英超中只有六七家俱乐部税前盈利,大部分俱乐部负债累累。

The article reviewed the financial development of English Professional football over last ten years in three aspects—— — TV right contract,reconstruc-tion of stadia,clubs' floatation on the Stock Market,which impacted on the English football culture,the club' s management model and the status of the league' s development.Conclusion was given as following:1)The commercialized football has become serious more and more after1992,and the major reason is huge TV contract revenue stream;2)The management model between Premier League and NFL and NBA in US is different,the policy and constitution of in-come distribution in Premier League caused huge gas among the big and the small clubs,and made the league become unbalanced;3)The English football profile was improved by reconstruction of stadia,but clubs were allowed to raise the gate ticket price;4)As The clubs' floatation on the London Stock Ex-change,FC became Plc,which changed the nature of football club,and destroyed the Amateurism of football culture but promoted the football industrialization;5)The financial situation in English football clubs was not optimistic as most clubs were lost and only six or seven clubs have made pro-tax profit.