优秀青少年速滑运动员下肢骨骼肌弹性势能利用率特征研究

Outstanding Young Speed Skating Athletes Lower Limb Skeletal Muscle Elastic Potential Energy Use Factor Characteristic Research

通过对6名优秀青少年速滑运动员进行SJ、CMJ和3个不同高度的DJ测试,分析比较优秀青少年速滑运动员下肢骨骼肌弹性势能利用率的差异,以反映其下肢骨骼肌的力学特性,为研究速滑运动下肢骨骼肌的力学特性及运动选材做出铺垫。结果表明:弹性势能利用率存在性别差异,男性受试者弹性势能利用率高于女性,并与运动员等级、体重保持一定正相关;随负荷的增加,运动员下肢肌肉弹性势能的利用率却逐渐下降;外加负荷条件下,弹性势能利用率较其他项目低,建议加强肌肉速度力量与超等长力量的训练,以提高肌肉稳定性。

Six young speed skating athletes were tested for SJ and CMJ,and DJ in three different heights.The difference in low limbs skeletal muscle elastic potential energy utilization ratio among these athletes were analyzed for the purpose of understanding the mechanics characteristics of skeletal muscle and foreseeing genius for the speed skating event.The results showed that the difference existed between male and female in elastic potential energy utilization ra-tio(higher for male)which positively correlated to the skill degree and body mass.Along with the load increase,the athletes' lower limb muscle elastic poten-tial energy utilization ratio dropped gradually.Under the ex-load condition,the elastic potential energy utilization ratio was lower compared with other projects.It is therefore that in order to increase muscle stability,the training for the muscle speed strength and the high grade long strength should be enhanced.