16—19世纪马铃薯在中国的传播

The Spread of Potato in China During the 16th to the 19th Century

马铃薯在明末引进中土,随即成为皇家的珍馐。乾隆中叶后,人口增加,急需增加粮食产量,再加上户口管理放松,农民有了迁徙自由,马铃薯才得以向全国推广。马铃薯在各地引种后,很快融入本地风土,形成很多别名,彼此混淆。厘清其名称演变,可以使马铃薯引进推广的过程更加清晰。

Following its introduction into China towards the end of the Ming Dynasty,potato immediately became a delicacy of the imperial family.After the middle period of the reign of Emperor Qianlong,there was an urgent need of increasing grain yield due to population increase,and also because of the slackening of residence registration,the peasants came to enjoy the freedom of migration,so potato could be spread to all parts of China.Having been introduced into different regions,this plant quickly merged into the local natural conditions and began to have lots of alternative names that are mixed up with one another.After gaining a clear idea of the evolution of its name,the process of the introduction and spread of potato will become more distinct.