排污权交易制度的经济理论分析及必要性

The economic analysis and necessity of transaction of pollution discharge license

排污权交易是一种以市场为基础的经济刺激手段,排污权的卖方出售剩余排污权获得的经济回报,实质上是市场对其有利于环境的外部经济性的补偿;因削减污染的代价过高而不愿意削减的企业购买其必须排污的排污权,其支出的费用实质上是为其外部不经济性而付出的代价。因此排污权交易对实现环境外部性的内在化,加强治污环保技术的应用,促进环境产业化发展具有重要意义。要顺利实行排污权交易制度,必须建立起配套机制,如实施环境容量控制的排污许可证制度,排污指标商品化和价格化,排污权交易与其他防治污染的经济手段相结合。

. The transaction of pollution discharge licenses is an economic stimulating method based on market: The seller's economical return from selling the rest valid term of pollution discharge license is a kind of market compensation because it is helpful to reduce the environmental external diseconomics. While the other party (the customer) pays for the pollution discharge license because the cost of reducing pollution is too high. The cost of the licence is actually the price of external diseconomics. So, the transaction of pollution discharge license is very important to realizing the internalization of exteriority, applying environmental protection technology and promoting the industrialization of environmental protection. In order to implement the transaction system of pollution discharge license smoothly, it's necessary to build supplementary mechanisms such as pollution discharge license controlling environmental capacity, pollution discharging targets with certain prices and the combined adoption of economic methods and the transaction of pollution discharge license.