市场开放下的油气行业监管——专访国务院发展研究中心技术经济部副部长吕薇博士

Oil and Gas Industry Supervision in a Deregulated Market -Interview with Dr. Lu Wei, Deputy Director of the Technological and Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center

加入WTO以后，我国的石油天然气市场进一步开放；继2002年1月1日原油，成品油，天然气，液化石油气的进口关税税率一次性减让到位之后，自2004年1月1日起，成品油国营贸易进口取消配额管理，改为自动许可管理，2004年底，成品油零售市场将开放，2006年底，原油和成品油批发市场将开放，油气勘探开发将允许外资有限制地进入，在市场日益开放的条件下，如何监管石油天然气行业？带着这个问题，本刊记者对国务院发展研究中心技术经济部副部长，研究员吕薇博士进行了专访。

I n the opinion of Dr. Lu Wei, China should draw on the experience of countries with developed market economies in supervising its oil and natural gas industry now that the market is deregulated. It is necessary to formulate laws and regulations for supervision of the oil and natural gas market and improve organizational structure to ensure fair competition, protect the interests of consumers and enterprises, boost productivity and bring about the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. There are three things the government should do: 1) Issue general policies and strategies for oil and gas exploration and adopt and develop various measures to encourage enterprises of various ownership forms to fulfill the industry's development targets; 2) Formulate and put into place standards for businesses performance, restrictions and punishments to ensure that corporate activities are in line with the public interest; and 3) Manage mineral and land resources effectively to promote sustainable development of the oil and gas resources in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. The government must introduce orderly competition mechanisms and adopt supervision mechanisms that accord with the different economic and technological characteristics of upstream and downstream businesses, because the oil and gas industry has its own features and many production links. Development of the natural gas industry should be in accord with the functions of the government and market, but government and market functions should be clarified. Governmental functions should be in line with dictates of the market economy. Downstream marketing of natural gas has to be coordinated with the development of the natural gas industry. The rules created for the natural gas industry should follow principles that ensure environmental protection and guard against unfair competition.