火灾中材料产烟毒性的分析

Toxicity analysis of smoke from materials burnt in fires

国际上关于火灾烟气毒性最大工况的争议已有多年,有人认定它发生在有焰燃烧工况,也有人认定它发生在无焰燃烧工况。该文作者采用热重-Fourier变换红外分析仪(TG-FTIR),并结合他人DIN53436的试验结果,在氮气氛下,对木材进行热解实验。对不同特性的材料在纯热解、无焰燃烧和有焰燃烧条件下一氧化碳的生成规律进行了分析。结果表明:烟气毒性最大工况与材料的特性和燃烧条件密切相关,对于固定碳含量较高的材料,烟气毒性最大工况发生在有焰燃烧工况,反之则发生在无焰燃烧工况。

For many years, experts have disagreed on when the most toxic smoke is produced in a fire, whether during the flaming combustion process or with a smoldering non-flaming fire. Using experimental data of DIN53436 for reference, TG-FTIR was used to analyze CO formation mechanisms during thermal pyrolysis, flaming, and non-flaming combustion of different materials. The results show that the worst case is strongly related to the material properties and combustion process. The worst case occurs during flaming combustion if the materials contain more fixed carbon, otherwise, the non-flaming case is worse.