西北干旱区土地荒漠化中人类活动作用及其指标选择

Analysis of Roles of Human Activities in Land Desertification in Arid Area of Northwest China

人类活动对环境的负效应在总体上导致以土地荒漠化急剧发展为主的生态环境质量显著下降是目前干旱区突出的矛盾。基于 1994年的《联合国防治荒漠化公约》给出的土地荒漠化概念和干旱区的特点 ,划分土地荒漠化的自然因素和人为因素。探讨人类活动的涵义和特点 ,综合分析了土地荒漠化发展中人类活动因素 ,包括人类活动的驱动作用、人类各种活动方式的作用和人类活动的管理作用等。依据一定原则 ,构建出适用于干旱区人类活动对土地荒漠化作用的指标体系 ,该指标体系多为量化指标并可反映人类活动的动态变化 ,可为人类活动在土地荒漠化中作用的进一步 (定量 )研究提供依据。

The important conflict in arid area is the negative effect of human activities to environment for which the land desertification is taken in the leading position. Based on the characteristics of arid area and the concept of land desertification given by ”United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and /or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, 1994, 10 in Paris”, the conceptual model of desertification causes is built. In this model, the natural factors include geology, climate, hydrology, vegetation and land and the human operates on these natural factors. The different natural factors have different ways of human activities. Through the analysis on specialties and meaning of human activities, the human activities are thought as consisting of driving and manner factors. Further, the manners and driving force of human activities on land desertification are studied. According to some criterions, an indexes system which shows the human activity effect on desertification in arid area is designed. The most of indexes are quantitative in this system and it can indicate the dynamic changes. Thus, the indexes system can supply the basis for the quantifying study of human effect on desertification.