追施氮磷钾配比肥料对成林油桐桐果产量和质量的影响

Influence of Mixed Nitrogen-Phosphorus- Potassium Dressing on the Fruit Yield and Quality of Adult Tung Trees

试验于1989～1990年间在金华县油桐良种基地进行。在一般管理水平的基础上,根据成林油桐生长和发育的特点,在油桐开花前(3月下旬),追施以氮肥为主的氮、磷、钾配比肥料(N:P_2O_5:K_2O=4.0:2.0:1.2),在长果长油前期(7月上旬),追施以钾肥为主的氮,磷,钾配比肥料(N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1.0:1.0:2.4).试验证明;盛果期油桐的产量和质量与施肥量之间存在着极显著的二次抛物线回归关系。产量与施肥量的回归方程为:y=2403+7950x-3165x^2,r=0.7842,r_(0.01)=0.6411(6年生);y=3947+11628x-4074x^2,r=0.8290,r_(0.01)=0.6411(7年生)。含油率与施肥量之间的回归方程为:y=48.21+31.06x-13.00x^2,r=0.9312,r_(0.05)=0.8783.追施配比肥料的油桐,其桐果产量从对照的3267kg/hm^2,提高到7557kg/hm^2.含油率从对照的46.0％提高到63.7％.最高产投比为5.21.

A trial was conducted in the years 1989-1990 at the improved variety base of tung oil tree in Jinhua County. On the basis of general management and the characteristics of growth and development of tung oil tree stand, a complete fertilizer with N-fertilizers being dominant (N:P2O5:K2O = 4.0:2.0:1.2) was used before flowering (in the last 10 days of March) and another complete fertilizer with K-fertilizer being dominant (N:P2O5:K2O=1.0:1.0:2.4) was used during the early part of fruit growth and oil increase in the first 10 days of July). There was a most significant regression relationship of quadratic para-curve between the fruit yield and quality of tung oil tree during the period of full fruiting and the amounts of fertilizers applied, with the regression equations between the yield and the amounts of fertilizers applied being y = 2 403+7 950x-3 165x2 (r = 0.784 2, r0.01 = 0.6411) and y = 3947 + 11 628x-4074x2 (r = 0.8290, r0.01 = 0.641 1) for 6-and 7-year-old trees respectively. The regression equation between oil content and the amounts of fertilizers applied was y=48.21 +31.06x-13.00x2 (r = 0.931 2, r0.05 = 0.878 3). The fruit yield of tung oil tree increased from 3267kg/hm2 in the contrast to 7 557 kg/hm2 in the trea tment of l/2S(an average value of 6- and 7-year-old trees). This was due to the application of complete fertilizers with N, P and K in different proportions. Oil content also increased from 46.0% in the contrast to 63.7% in the treatment of 1/2S. The highest proportion of gain to investment was 5.21.