拓荒行为的经济学分析

The Economic Analysis of Opening Up Virgin Soil

由于土地资源稀缺和人口压力,作为我国农村经济主体的农民对土地的拓荒一直在进行,土地拓荒在增加耕地面积的同时,对环境也造成了破坏。通过模型的构建来对农民过度开荒原因进行分析,得出如下结论:由于拓荒导致的负的外部性转嫁给了非农部门使均衡点向上移动,单个农民之间的非合作博弈使农民更倾向于选择过度拓荒。对比城镇居民收入来说相对过低的农民收入也是诱致农民过度拓荒的原因。

Due to land resource scarcity and population pressure, farmers, as the economic mainstay in rural China, have been opening up virgin soil, which has destructed the environment while adding to the cultivated area. A model is constructed to analyze the reasons for over-cultivation of virgin land and the following conclusions are concluded: the negative externalities brought by the cultivation of virgin land are shifted onto the non-farm sector, shifting the equilibrium point upward, the non-cooperative game among individual farmers make them inclined to choose over-cultivation of virgin land, and the relatively too low farm income compared with urban household income is also an incentive for farmers to excessively opening up virgin land.