地理信息系统在流域生态水文过程模拟研究中的应用

Applications of GIS in the Simulation of Eco-hydrological Process Research in the Watershed Scale

生态水文学是研究生态格局和生态过程变化水文学机制的科学。该学科的一个重要研究方向是探讨不同时空尺度上和一系列环境条件下的生态水文过程,包括生态水文物理过程、生态水文化学过程及其生态效应。这必然要求建立相关生态水文模型。生态水文过程影响因素众多,而且具有明显时间和空间变异性,需要多时相、多信息源的历史动态变化信息以及多方法和多学科的综合。目前,GIS在信息的动态获取、分析处理、可视化以及二次开发等方面的技术和方法取得了长足的进步,为实现生态水文过程研究提供了有力支持。

Ecohydrology studies hydrological mechanisms in ecological pattern change and ecological processes change. It mainly discusses eco-hydrological process, including physical process, chemical process and ecological effects under different spatial and temporal conditions, so it is quite important to develop relevant eco-hydrological models. Due to eco-hydrological process, affected by a great amount of parameters, is of temporal and spatial varieties, it requires multi-temporal and multi-source data about the changes eco-hydrological processes, and different methods and disciplines. Now, GIS has made great progress in the technology and methodology in dynamic obtainment, procession, visualization of data, etc., which will greatly help the research on eco-hydrological processes.