不同肥水对水稻产量及其生理效应的影响

Effects of different fertilizers and irrigations on the field of rice and its physiological mechanism.

1988～1989年的研究表明,水稻在总施肥量相同情况下,适当减少前期施氮比重,增加中后期施氮比重有利于增产.增产原因主要是无效分蘖显著减少,中后期水稻群体适中,个体生育健壮,颖花退化减少,叶片含氮率、叶绿素含量、老化指数提高,最终达到稳穗、增粒、增重目的.当水稻茎蘖数达到计划穗数的80％时,通过十天左右深水控蘖,分蘖明显减少,成穗率显著提高,因而也具有上述良好的生理效应.深水控蘖后短期内提高了土壤还原物质总量,但对根系活力未见不良影响.作者还就深灌对土壤肥力和水稻生育的影响等问题作了探讨.

Field experiment dealing with the effects of different fertilizers and irrigatons on the yield of rice and its physiological mechanism were conducted in Hangzhou during 1988-1989. Under equal nitrogen supplies, the cultured technigues of increasing proportion of N supplies in late growth stage increased production. The main reason was that population density in the middle and late growth stages was relatively little, so it improved the growth condition of individuals, and retarded the senescence of lower leaves, consequently, the function of the leaves was strengthened, chlorophyll content and nitrogen concentration in leaf increased, and availed to accumulate photosynthesis, as a result, the number of grains per panicle, percentage of filled grains and 1 000 grain weight increased. Deep-water irrigation during peak of tillering controlled tillering effectively, the proportion of effective tillering to total tillering tend to raise. Consequently, it had the good physiological efficiency abovementioned. On the other hand, although deep-water irrigation significantly increased amound of reducing substance during irrigation, it had no bad effect on root. The effects of deep-water irrigation on soil fertility and growth of rice were also discussed.