我国部分省市公共卫生实验室现状的调查

Investigation of current public health laboratories in selected areas in China

目的 :了解我国公共卫生实验室的现状 ,并对存在的问题进行分析。方法 :自行设计调查表 ,采用现况调查的方法对我国上海、北京、安徽等省市区县共 36个公共卫生实验室的情况进行了调查 ,了解有关人员、设备、功能、对外协作情况等信息。 结果 :我国公共卫生实验室目前尚未形成规模。 (1 )高级专业人员比例太小 :博士、硕士学历者仅占 5 .1 % (32 /6 33)和7.1 % (4 5 /6 33) ,本科占 2 4 .8% (1 5 7/6 33) ;(2 )实验室仪器设备落后 :只有 5 2 .8% (1 9/36 )的单位具备 PCR仪 ,其中 78.9%(1 5 /1 9)的实验室经常使用 ,5 8.3% (2 1 /36 )的实验室有细胞培养设备 ,仅 4 1 .7% (1 5 /36 )的实验室配备生物安全柜 ,77.8%(2 8/36 )的实验室熟练使用 EL ISA技术 ,仅 4 1 .7% (1 5 /36 )的实验室可熟练使用细胞培养技术 ,仅 2 2 .2 % (8/36 )的实验室可熟练使用病毒分离技术 ;(3)科研水平不高 :有 6 3.9% (2 3/36 )的实验室曾鉴别过 4种以上病原体 ,近 3年发表论文 1 0篇以上的占 30 .6 % (1 1 /36 ) ;(4 )实验室功能与公共卫生不符 :绝大多数医院的实验室 ,尤其是中心医院以下的单位 ,其实验室的日常工作就是进行医院 3大常规检测 ,公共卫生方面的服务较少。结论 :国家对公共卫生实验室的重视不够 ,投入不足。

Objective:To study the current situation of public health laboratories (PHL) in our country and to analyze the existing problems. Methods: Prevalence survey was used to study the general situation of 36 public health laboratories in Beijing, Shanghai and Anhui in China with self designed questionnaire. Results: The outcome of the survey revealed many problems:(1)The proportion of senior staff in PHL was very low, with 5.1% being doctors, 7.1% being masters,and 24.8% being bachelors.(2)The equipments of PHL were backward, with only 52.8% PHL being equipped with PCR, among which only 78.9% were used. In all 36 surveyed PHL, only 15(41.7%) could skillfully culture cells and 8 PHL(22.2%) could perform virus isolation.(3) Low research level of PHL was demonstrated by the fact that only 63.9% PHL had identified over 4 kinds of pathogenic organisms and only 30.6% PHL published more than 10 articles in last 3 years.(4)Mismatch of PHL function and public health demand. Most PHL were rarely involved in public health service. Conclusion: The government attaches little importance to public health laboratories in our country and there is not enough fund for it. Some suggestions are put forward for public health laboratories development in our country.