荒漠绿洲香梨园覆草节水效应研究

Effect of straw mulching on water-saving of pear in desert oasis field

南疆荒漠绿洲光热资源充足,但水资源短缺,严重制约了农业的发展。连续5a香梨园覆草节水试验结果表明:覆草能显著提高香梨产量和品质,5a间增产幅度为15.2%～65.3%;节水幅度达到28.8%～36.1%;土壤有机质含量增加25.6%～70.5%,速效氮、速效钾和速效磷的含量分别增加39.1～76.4mg/kg、4.5～18.0mg/kg、29.8～76.9mg/kg;0～30cm土层10.0mm直径总根数增加幅度达到55%～122.1%。经济效益分析表明:以覆草15cm厚度比较适宜,5a年均增产7514.3kg/hm2,年均收益达到12117.15元/hm2,节水效益达到508.55元/hm2,产投比为4.39。

The light and heat resource, is rather abundant in the oasis area of South Xinjiang but lack of water resource severely restricts the development of agriculture. five-year experiment was carried out to study the effect of strew mulching on water-saving of 'Xiangli' pear (Pyrus. sinkiangensis. Yu) grown on oasis soil. The results indicated that all the treatments of straw mulching with different covering thickness (20 cm; 15 cm; 10 cm; 5 cm) were beneficial for improving the yield and quality of pear. In the 5 years, the average increment of yield was 15.2%~65.3%; the water-saving efficiency was 28.8%~36.1%; the content of organic matter in the soil was increased by 25.6%~70.5%, and that of available N, P and K was increased by 39.1~76.4 mg/kg, 4.5~18.0 mg/kg and 29.8~76.9 mg/kg respectively. In the meantime, the number of roots with the diameter of more than 10 mm in 0~30 cm topsoil was raised by 55%~122.1%. Considering the economic value, the suitable covering thickness was 15 cm, with which the average yield, the water-saving efficiency and the net income were increased by 7514.3 kg/hm\+2, 508.55 yuan/hm\+2 and 12 117.15 yuan/hm\+2 respectively, and the ratio was 4.39.