北疆不同类型棉田节肢动物群落结构与多样性

Community Structure and Diversity of Arthopod in Different Cotton Fields in North Xinjiang

运用群落生态学方法研究了北疆棉田不同邻作、灌溉方式对棉田节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响及其在不同年份的变化趋势。结果表明,不同的邻作方式能改变棉田节肢动物群落结构,邻作小麦增加棉田天敌种类,邻作玉米增加棉田天敌个体数,对棉田害虫有较强的控制作用,而邻作西红柿作用相对较弱,生产上应充分利用邻作小麦和玉米的有利作用。2003年滴灌棉田节肢动物群落多样性指数(0.7250)和均匀度(0.2111)均大于沟灌棉田(0.1924、0.0605),群落更稳定;不同年份棉田节肢动物群落结构和多样性变化大,说明气候因素是影响节肢动物群落结构和多样性的主要原因。

Effects of the different irrigation ways and neighboring crops on arthropod community structures and diversity in north Xinjiang cotton field,and the changes in same field in different years,were determined. The results indicated that the different irrigation ways and adjacent crops could change arthropod community structures.Adjacent wheat or maize could increase quantity of natural enemies of cotton fields, and the action on pest controlling was better than that near tomato. The diversity indices and uniformity value of the drip-irrigation cotton field in 2003 were 0.7250 and 0.2111, larger than those of the furrow-irrigation cotton field(0.1924 and 0.0605), so the stability of arthropod community of the drip-irrigation cotton field was better than that of the furrow-irrigation cotton field. Great changes of the arthropod community structures and diversity of the cotton field had been detected in different years,it showed that the climate was the primary factor effecting arthropod community structure and diversity.