实验研究岩石圈深部流体及相关科学问题

Experimental Investigations and Observations on Deep Earth Fluids and Related Scientific Problems

实验研究地球岩石圈深部流体和对地球深部流体的观测发现 ,水溶液在跨越临界态时有许多特殊性质。使用水热金刚石压钻在 2 0 0～ 80 0MPa,30 0～ 70 0℃条件下 ,可观测到NaCl H2 O溶液两相不混溶相区的结构和近临界态现象。测量高温高压下NaCl溶液的电导率 ,在近临界和跨越临界态时发现最大电导率值。在对大洋中脊热水观测中可发现大多数喷口是在 2 2 0 0m深。喷口正在近临界态条件下喷出含矿流体。

Experimental investigations and observations on deep earth fluids have found that fluids show lots of specific properties when they cross the critical state. The liquid vapor phase irrevisblility fields and near critical phenomena of NaCl solutions were detected by using HDAC (hydrothermal diamond anvil cell) connected to microscope over the temperature range from 300 to 700℃, and pressure from 2～8 kb. The measurement of electric conductance of NaCl solutions has also revealed that the electric conductances occur from near critical state to crossing the critical state. The observation of hydrothermal vents in the Middle Ocean ridge has found that gas vents are usually located at the depth of 2200 meter, and ore forming fluids erupted at the critical temperature from the vents. This research on the critical state of NaCl solution has an important significance in understanding the deep geophysical investigations and the fluids in the depth of the lithosphere.