北京湿地分析与监测

Wetland Research and Monitoring in Beijing

在“3S”技术支持下,结合野外调查与室内综合分析,全面调查监测了北京地区湿地的类型、面积。其类型较多、分布较广、湿地环境差异显著,生物多样性丰富。湿地的主要类型包括湖泊湿地、河流湿地、水库、池塘、稻田等自然湿地和人工湿地,其中人工湿地面积为323541.822km2,自然湿地面积为138214.740km2,约占全市面积的0.3%。另外,选择重点水库湿地和典型湿地做了动态变化研究,结果表明:水库湿地中的密云水库、官厅水库和怀柔水库与1998年相比,面积分别减少了42.0%,23.9%和4.9%,典型湿地的景观格局也发生了相应的改变。由此可以看出,北京湿地面积逐年减少、生态环境质量逐年下降。最后,根据北京湿地现状和暴露出来的问题,提出了一些建设性的结论和建议。本项目的实施为进一步研究湿地变化与周边气候、地形地貌、土地利用、植被变化以及社会经济发展情况的关系,分析湿地受威胁因素,评价湿地生态环境现状,提出湿地保护的措施,奠定了基础。

First of all, supported by 3S technology, combining field investigations with indoor synthetic analysis, the types and area of wetland in Beijing were investigated and monitored.There are quite a number of types of wetlands with relative wide distribution, remarkable environmental difference and abundant bio-diversity.The main wetland types in Beijing include lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, paddy fields etc., among them the area of artificial wetland is about 323 541.822km2 and that of natural wetland, about 138 214.740km2, accounting for 0.3% of the whole Beijing′s area. Secondly,dynamic change studies aiming at key reservoirs and typical wetland were made. The result of study shows that among the reservoir wetlands, the area of Miyun reservoir, Guanting reservoir and Huairou reservoir reduce separately 42.0%,23.9% and 4.9% compare with that of 1998 and changes of the landscape patterns of typical wetlands also take place correspondingly. It thus can be seen that the wetland area reduces and ecoenvironmental quality drops year by year in Beijing. Finally, we propose some constructive conclusions and suggestions according to current situation and problems existing in Beijing′s wetland. Thus the accomplishment of this scientific research item has laid the foundation for the further studies on the connection of wetland changes and climate, terrain and landforms, land use, vegetation change along with socio-economic development in the marginal area, and further analysis of the factors threatening the wetlands, evaluation of the current situation of ecoenvironment of the wetlands and putting forward measures protecting the wetlands in Beijing.