原位肝移植术后近期感染分析

Infection occurred with in short-term after orthotopic liver transplantation

目的 探讨原位肝移植术后 1个月内感染的诊断、预防。方法 回顾分析 3 8例次原位肝移植的临床资料 ,对可能导致感染的危险因素进行分析。结果 全组 18例患者出现 2 9例次感染 ,感染率为 47.4% (18/3 8)。所有感染均出现在术后 3d以后 ,感染部位肺部占 3 7.9% (11/2 9) ,腹腔 2 4.1% (7/2 9) ,血液 17.2 % (5 /2 9) ,胆道 13 .8% (4 /2 9) ,泌尿系统 3 .4% (1/2 9) ,肝脏3 .4% (1/2 9)。感染菌株中阴沟肠杆菌占 2 7.6% (8/2 9) ,大肠埃希菌 2 4.1% (7/2 9) ,金黄色葡萄球菌 2 0 .7% (6/2 9) ,表皮葡萄球菌 10 .3 % (3 /2 9) ,肺炎克雷伯菌 6.9% (2 /2 9) ,白色念株菌 6.9%(2 /2 9) ,粪肠球菌 3 .4% (1/2 9)。感染病死率 3 8.9% (7/18)。上腹部手术史、手术持续时间、输血量、胆道重建方式、术后肠道功能恢复延迟、术后持续高血糖是感染的主要危险因素 ,围术期肠道去污治疗是预防感染的保护因素。结论 感染是影响肝移植生存率的重要因素之一 ,减少各种危险因素及围术期肠道去污治疗有助于降低感染的发生率。

Objective To study the diagnosis and prophylaxis of postoperative infections within 1 month after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). Methods Clinical date of 38 consecutive patients who underwent OLT at our institution from 2001 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Result Eighteen patients( 47.4% ) developed twenty-nine times infection after operation .Respiratory tract and peritoneum were the common infectious sites(37.9% and 24.1%). Enterobacter cloacae(8 of 29, 27.6%) , Escherichia coli(7 of 29, 24.1%),staphylococcus aureus(6 of 29, 20.7%) were the commonest bacterial.The mortality of infection was 38.9%(7/18). Identified risk factors for infection including: previous transplantation ; duration of operation; transfusion requirements during surgery; type of biliary anastomosis; delayed restoration of gastrointestinal function and persistent postoperative hyperglucocemia . Perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract had a protective effect. Conclusions Infections are a major cause of death among liver transplant recipients. Reducing risk factors of infection and perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract may decrease the occurrence of postoperative infection.