西方自我实现研究现状

The Status Quo of Self-Actualization Research in West

马斯洛逝世后的30余年,自我实现的研究取得了一些进展。主要表现为测量工具的编制、自我实现的结构、影响因素、性别差异等方面的实证研究。研究者在自我实现的结构和特征上的认识存在差异;在自我实现的性别差异研究上亦缺乏一致意见;但在把自我实现视为一种过程,而非一种终结状态这一点上取得了共识。父母教养类型、学业成就、学校教育策略、自我概念是影响个体自我实现水平的主要因素。

During 30 years after Maslow passed away, the research of self-actualization had made some progress, mainly in the empirical research of structure of self-actualization, influencing factors of self-actualization, sex differences of self-actualization and measure instruments. There was a discrepancy among the experts on the structure or the attributes of self-actualization. The lack of consensus among the experts also on the research of sex difference. But a disagreement was reached among the scholars that self-actualization is a developmental process, not an end-state. Parenting styles, school achievements, schools educational strategies and self-concept were the main influencing factors of self-actualization.