中国部分城市社区婴幼儿母乳喂养状况调查

Situation of Breastfeeding in Ten Cities in Five Provinces in China

目的 调查中国婴幼儿母乳喂养状况。方法 在北京、山东、浙江、湖北、广东每个省 (直辖 )市按经济水平分层随机选取两个社区 ,共 1 0个社区。每个社区抽取 2 0 0名儿童母亲。其中以相邻 6个月龄为 1组 ,每组抽取 40名 ;1 0个社区共抽取 2 0 0 1名。对 2 0 0 1名儿童的母亲进行问卷调查 ,她们的平均年龄为 2 8 5 4±3 3 3岁。结果 调查显示喂过母乳的母亲占 90 1 % ,坚持全母乳喂养到 4个月的只占 45 3 % ,坚持到 6个月的仅占 2 1 6%。儿童的平均断母乳时间 8 73± 4 2 1个月 ,且北京、广东低于其他省。 3 2 0 %的母亲认为母乳不如奶粉有营养 ,2 7 0 %的母亲认为母乳喂养不利母亲身体恢复 ,3 7 2 %的母亲认为孩子腹泻应立刻停止母乳喂养。母亲喂养知识水平、不同健康教育途径、是否新生儿访视、是否定期体检、体检质量好坏、家庭月总收入、母亲文化程度显著影响母乳喂养。结论 调查的 5个省市母乳喂养率较低 ,其中有许多因素影响着母乳喂养。

Objective To investigate the situation of breastfeeding among infants in China. Methods Two cities or urban districts, totally 10, were randomly selected from each of the 5 municipality and provinces: Beijing, Shandong, Hubei, Zhejiang, and Guangdong. And then 2 communities were selected from each city or urban district, 10 in total, according to economic levels. 200 infants aged 6 months to 3 years, divided into 5 groups of 40 infants at the interval of 6 months, were selected from each community, totaling 2001. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the mothers of these infants, aged 28.54±3.33. Results 90.1% of the mothers had breastfed their infants, 45.3% of them had breastfed for 4 months, and only 21.6% had breastfed for 6 months. The average weaning period was 8.73±4.21 months, being shorter in Beijing and Guangdong than in other provinces. 32.0% of the mothers considered powered milk as more nutritious than breast milk. 27.0% of them considered breastfeeding harmful to their body recovery. 37.2% of them thought that when their infants have diarrhea breastfeeding should be stopped immediately. Higher level of feeding knowledge, individual counseling by doctor, inhome counseling, hotline counseling, interview during neonatal period, regular physical examination for infant, low family income, low educational level of mother were positively correlated with breastfeeding, and obtaining the nutrition knowledge from popular science books and leaflets, higher educational level of mother, and high family income were negatively correlated with breastfeeding. Conclusion The breastfeeding rates in the urban communities of the 5 municipality and provinces are lower than the average rate nationwide. Many factors influence breastfeeding.