综合运用一致式与隐喻式:功能语法分析新视角

MC Analysis: A New Perspective on Functional Analyses

Halliday(1994)对“隐喻表达式”的分析存在一个不足,即通常是采用两个(而不是一个)语句的形式进行分析。本文认为,一句二式的分析法或“一致式与隐喻式综合分析法”(简称MC分析法),则可避免这一不足,可为现有的许多功能句法分析提供一个新的切入点.为语言现象提供更为合理的解释,并从存在过程的主位分析、谓化结构的主位分析、天气过程分析、状语/词延长成分分析、参与者角色分析、过程类型分析等六个角度,说明了运用这一分析法的可行性及其一些主要优势,例如可揭示在单独运用其他模式或单独运用一致式或隐喻式分析中所没有的那种(些)意义,可揭示语言形式与意义之间的矛盾.为分析语言及其变异提供一定的“切入”理据。

One weakness in Halliday's (1994) analysis of metaphorical expressions in English is revealed in his much-used description of these expressions. This paper argues that the weakness can be avoided in the integrated model of congruent and metaphorical analyses or Metaphorical-Congruent Analysis(MC Analysis). This model attempts to analyze part or whole of linguistic meanings. More importantly, it offers a fresh perspective to functional analyses thus far available. Different from the treatments in the literature to date, the MC Analysis serves at least six functions. First, it puts thematic analysis in existential process as in There was a cat on the mat into two organic layers: metaphorically, there is Theme and the rest Rheme; congruently. Theme is a cat, Rheme is was and on the mat, with there empty here, thus revealing the duality of there (Theme/non-Theme), was (part or non-part of the emphatic element there be), and a cat (Rheme/Theme). Second, it sees metaphorically It in It was his teacher who persuaded him to continue as Theme and what follows It as Rheme while congruently his teacher is taken as Theme and persuaded him to continue as Rheme. Third, it reveals the likely semantic weakening of It and is/'s, namely, departicipantization and deproces-sization respectively as in It's raining and It's foggy. Fourth, it turns into one whole the analyses of off as 'Adjunct' (Halliday 1994) and as 'Main Verb Extension' (Fawcett 1995) in They called the meeting off and shows how these two meanings interact. Fifth, it demonstrates how its organic double layer analysis contributes to participant analysis of ' Actor', 'Recipient' and 'Goal' in Give generously. Finally, it shows the duality of process type in He is capable of reading it.