传染病的全球化与防治传染病的国际合作

Globalization of Infectious Disease and International Cooperation of Its Prevention

从全球化的视野来看,SARS预示着传染病和新兴传染病的全球化。本文简要回顾了最近20多年来传染病和新兴传染病全球化的原因和影响。由于传染病已经成为一种全球问题,防治传染病也迫切需要全球合作。本文对防治传染病的国际合作的历史过程进行了简短的介绍,并根据公共产品的理论框架,提出了加强全球合作的具体建议。根据我们对公共卫生中的国际合作的分析,主要的启示是必须根据不同类型、不同性质的公共卫生服务,制定适宜的政策。政策的灵活性往往是成功的关键。此外,效率问题和公平问题都很重要,但是需要通过不同的机制解决。

In a global view, SARS forebodes a golbalization of infectious diseases and the new ones. This article gives a brief retrospect on the causes and the influence of the globalization of these diseases in the past 20 years and more. As such diseases have become a global problem, the prevention work is in urgent need for a global cooperation. In this article, a brief introduction is given for the historical process of international cooperation, and concrete suggestions for a further global cooperation are put up within the theoretical framework of public goods. According to our analysis to the international cooperation in public health, the chief revelation is to make suitable policies in light of the public health services of different types and natures. The flexibility of policies could be the key for success. Besides, it is also important to have efficiency and impartiality, although it will be solved by different mechanics.