构建组织工程化羊膜角膜上皮植片的研究进展

Tissue engineering to reconstruct corneal epithelium on amniotic membrane

虽然组织工程化角膜组织已成功构建,并为体外进行角膜生理、病理、药理和角膜移植等方面的研究提供了与活体角膜很接近的模型,但其距离临床应用还有一定距离。近年来,采用组织工程技术构建的羊膜角膜上皮植片已率先应用于临床,为成千上万的由于角膜上皮缺损所致的角膜疾病患者带来希望,本文对有关羊膜的基础研究、羊膜负载角膜缘干细胞植片的构建方法及其功能的评价、角膜缘干细胞在羊膜上的生物学特性、植片移植及术后护理等方面的研究进展和存在的问题进行综述。

Since 1990s, tissue engineering has become a technique to study and develop tissue equivalents to repair tissue defect and improve function. There are many exciting advances in corneal engineering. But tissue-engineering products cannot be applied in the clinical practice. Although corneal limbal epithelium allograft or autograft is the most frequently used as well as an effective treatment of limbal defect in all kinds of corneal diseases, there is a severe shortage of donor. Recently, the reconstruction of corneal epithelium with limbal stem cell on amniotic membrane has been successful and applied in clinical practice. This article reviews some key advances and existing problems in this field.·