明中后期狂士的社会交往生活与江南士林风气

The Social Intercourse of the Maniac Intellectuals and the Prevailing Custom among the Intellectuals in Jiannan Region during the Mid and Late Ming Period

狂士一直是中国传统社会中一个特殊的士人群体,明代中期以后,在王学、禅宗和道学的熏染下,遂成为士林中一个非常普遍的文化现象。狂士在社会交往中,追求任情适性、率性而为,甚至出现了有悖于传统儒学教诲的言行。然而,狂士特立独行的交往行为和夸张甚至矫情的言行在这一时期的江南流于时尚化,这表明了明代江南士人内心的苦闷和焦灼,是传统文化在这一特殊时代的一种特别表现形式。

Maniac intellectuals was a special category of intellectuals in the traditional society of China. During the mid and late Ming periods, under the influences of Wang Yangming School, the Chan School of Buddhism, and Taoism, the maniac intellectuals became especially popular in Jiangnan region, which constitutes a social and cultural phenomenon that deserves special treatment. The social conducts of the maniac intellectuals were with the characteristic of self-indulgence concerning little about conventional rules, which often violated traditional Confucianism teaching. The popularity of the maniac intellectuals' exceptional behaviors, including their usually exaggerated and artificial conducts,indicates that the Jiangnan intellectuals in the Ming dynasty were experiencing internal distress and anxiousness,which was a special reflection of traditional Chinese culture in the social and cultural contexts of that particular era.