中国香菇交配型和基因型的分析

ANALYSIS OF MATING TYPES AND GENOTYPES OF LENTINUS EDODES IN CHINA

自1987—1990,在长江以南九省(区)采集52个香菇品系,43株制作了孢子印用以检测交配型,又以检测A.B因子位点的等位基因方法测定了担孢子的基因型,保藏了以A_xB_x(或A_xB_y……)标记的标准单核菌丝体,这是建立中国香菇种质库的第一步,将为香菇杂交育种提供有效亲本。结果表明:每一菌株的四个交配型呈随机分配。具有四个交配型的菌株百分率是79%,有二个交配型的香菇菌株百分率是21%。有9个菌株的单核菌丝的基因型从A_1B_1……A_(18)B_(18)不同,A.B因子等位基因差异明显,这些菌株显示了A.B因子的很低的地区性重复频率。本项研究中建立了区分同宗A同宗B以及四个交配型的试验方法,遵循着核移动的规律,这个方法能够重复。

From 1987 to 1990,52 strains of Lentinus edodes had been collected from 9 provinces in the south of Yangtze River.Spore prints of 43 strains were made in order to de- termine mating types.The genotypes of the basidiospores were detected by means of determina- tion of the alleles in loci A and B.The monokaryotic mycelia with standard marker AxBx, AyBy…… were conserved.This is the first step to establish a germplasm bank of Lentinus edo- des.This work would provide effective parents for cross-breeding work.The results showed that the distribution of 4 mating types of each strain was random.The percentage of strains with 4 mating types is 79% and that with 2 mating types is 21%.The monokaryotic genotypes of 9 strains are different from A_1B_1 to A_(18) B_(18).The allelic differences were revealed in fac- tors A and B.These strains indicated a very low local repeated frequency of the A and B fac- tors.In this study,a testing method of distinguishing common A,common B as well as 4 mating types which follows the pattern of nuclear migration has been established.This method could be repeated easily.