略论中国古代文学的传播目的与方式

Purposes and Modes of the Propagation of Literature in Ancient China

从传播学的角度看,中国古代文学的传播目的主要有:统治者民意考察、士人干预政治、抒豁怀抱、自娱与娱人,以及教化民众、艺术鉴赏、文学价值追求,也包括商业营销等方面。而此一时期文学的传播方式则主要有聚徒讲学与周游列国,谏诤与酬唱,音律、行吟、游仙隐逸、传抄与刻石等等。辅助中国古代文学传播的重要因素有:作家品格及其社会地位、艺术形象与故事情节、统治者喜好、语言与修辞等。导致上述文学传播目的和方式的根本原因在于以下诸种文学传播思想:“大言不言”、“言之不文,行之不远”、“再次立言”、“寄身于翰墨,见意于篇籍”、以幻为真、声律传文等。

Literature of ancient China was propagated in an attempt to look into public opinions, to interfere with political affairs, to express ambitions, to amuse the writer as well as readers, to educate the masses, to appreciate artistic works, or to promote marketing. The modes of the propagation include lecture delivery, lecture tours, admonition, reciprocation of poems between two friends, copying, stone engraving, etc. A writer's character and social status, artistic images. plot of a story, likes of the ruling class, the use of language and rhetoric also played important roles in the propagation.