常用词“焚、燔、烧”历时替换考

A Review on Chronological Substitution of Fen(焚), Fan(燔) and Shao(烧)

本文考察了“焚、燔、烧”的历时更替情况,认为:先秦一般用“焚、燔”,总体上看来,以“焚”字最为常见。秦至东汉末期.“焚、烧、燔”常常在同一位置交替出现,呈现出混用的局面;到了汉末,“烧”有取代“焚、燔”的趋势。东汉三国的汉译佛经中,“烧”对“焚、燔”的替代已完成。魏晋以后的中土文献情况与佛经不同,魏晋以后的中土文献中,“焚”和“烧”有一个长期共存的阶段。同时也揭示了早期汉译佛经在汉语词汇史研究方面的重要价值。

Studying on high-frequence words' evolution is one of the important subjects in the field of the study of Chinese vocabulary history. Fen(焚), Fan(燔) and Shao(烧) were a group of high -frequence words which were used substitutively in the history of their evolution. Having reviewed their chronological substitution, the paper holds that Fen 焚 and Fan(燔) were both used in general Pre-Qin Dynasty(先秦), and that Fen(焚) was on the whole, used much more often. From the Qin Dynasty (秦) to the end of Eastern Han Dynasty(东汉) , Fen(焚), Fan(燔) andShao(烧) often appeared substitutively in the same position of the context, thus presented an interchangeable state. By the end of the Han Dynasty (汉), the tendency showed that Shao(烧) had taken the places of Fen(焚) and Fan(燔). In the Chinese version of Buddhist Scripture of Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉) and Three States (三国)pe-riod, Shao(烧) had completed the substitution of Fen(焚) and Fan(燔). In the Chinese literature after the Wei and Jin Dynasties (魏晋), the case was different from Buddhist Scripture, for Fen(焚) and Shao(烧) in the Chinese literature co-existed for a long period of time. The paper also reveals the great value of early Chinese version of Buddhist Scripture in the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.