汉英语语法化的不同发展趋势及原因探析

On the Different Developing Tendency of Gramaticalization in Chinese and in English

纵观汉英语发展变化的历程,汉英语的语法化呈现出不同方向的变化趋势,英语表现为形态变化的大量消失,汉语则表现为实词的虚化和词缀的大量增加.造成这一趋势的原因在于汉英语都有共同的认知基础,分析性与综合性只是一对相对的概念,语序对语法化的影响,中西文化的交流以及语言全息的趋同性.

By surveying the historical development and changes in Chinese and English, two different directions are revealed in the gramaticalization of Chinese and English. In English, this is manifested by the disappearing of inflections; while in Chinese, this is marked by the emptying of the content words and the increasing of affixes. The reasons for this tendency include the common cognitive base in Chinese and English, the relativeness of analytic and synthetic languages, a strong influence of word order on gramaticalization, the cultural exchange between China and western world and the tendency of similarity of language holography.