超导体和超流体理论的开创性贡献——2003年度诺贝尔物理学奖及其获得者评述

The pioneeripionng contributions to the theories of superconductors and superfluids ——On the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics

评述了2003年度诺贝尔物理学奖及其获得者。2003年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予3位独立从事超导体研究的科学家,以表彰他们在量子物理学领域对超导体和超流体理论上做出的开创性贡献。超导电性和超流动性是在极端低温状态下发生的2种现象。目前,超导体材料被广泛应用于医学诊断的核磁共振成像和粒子加速器等领域,而超流体则让人们更深入地了解物质在低温状态下的表现形式。

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 and Nobel Laureates in Physics are reviewed.The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three physicists who have made decisive contributions concerning two phenomena in quantum physics: superconductivity and superfluidity. Superconducting material is used, for example, in magnetic resonance imaging for medical examinations and particle accelerators in physics. Knowledge about superfluid liquids can give us deeper insight into the ways in which matter behaves in its lowest and most ordered state.