汉语“道歉”话语模式

The Pattern of Apology in Chinese

道歉是交际中的一种补救性施事言语行为,也是一种礼貌的社会行为。其基本功能是为一项冒犯行为提供补救办法,恢复社会平衡与和谐。从语言形式来看,道歉具有语义句法程式化和规约化的普遍特征。本文用语篇补全测试的问卷形式通过对汉语中道歉行为实施的调查、对所选策略进行了分类统计,结果表明道歉的话语模式包括多种策略和手段的组合,但策略的选用在很大程度上受到如权势、距离等因素的制约,说明道歉行为对文化等因素的依赖。

Apology is, in communicative activities, an illocutionary act of remedy and a social act of politeness. Its major function is to offer a repair for an offence so as to recover social balance and harmony. As for the verbal realization of apology, it is formulaic and conventional. An investigation was carried out into the realization of apology in Chinese subjects. The result partially proves that power difference and social distance play an important role in the choice of apologizing strategies, which suggests the underlying cultural influence.