我国国家赔偿归责原则之反思与重构

Reflections on the Principle of Culpability for State Compensation and its Reconstruction

按国家赔偿法的规定,国家赔偿的归责原则是违法原则。这个原则存在着自相矛盾、与刑事诉讼法规定不一致、过于严格限制受害人获得国家赔偿以及与国际上国家赔偿归责原则多样化趋势不协调等缺陷。国家赔偿的归责原则应当是一个归贵原则体系,在这个体系中,有一般性的、具有普适性的一般原则,又有特殊性的、仅针对特殊事项适用的特殊原则。一般原则仍然是违法原则,而特殊原则包括过错原则、无过错原则和结果原则等,各项原则所适用的具体范围又有着一定的差异和不同。

According to State Compensation Law, the principle of culpability for state compensation is against the law. The principle has many demerits. This principle should be a system in which the general principles and special principles exist together to deal with different matters.