试论案件的社会结构对司法公正的影响

Influences of Law Cases’ Social Structure on Judicial Fairness

司法的核心问题是公正地处理案件。在现实社会中,原告或受害人及其支持者、第三方(法官、检察官、警察等)的社会结构不可能完全相同,必然存在差异性。由于这种差异性的存在,会对司法主体的行为产生或大或小的影响,从而影响到司法公正的实现。因此,如何规制和约束这种差异性,保证相同或相似案件的公正处理,是理论界的一个重要课题。文章从以下几个方面进行了考虑:第一,改变案件的社会结构,消除案件内部及案件与案件之间众多的社会差异,促使原告(或受害人)与被告的主体地位平等化。第二,减少进入法律处理过程中反映原告或者受害人、被告及其支持者的社会结构特征的社会信息量,弱化客观存在的社会差异对案件处理的影响,确保公正司法。第三,加强司法人员道德上的自我约束,减轻制度性和社会性因素对司法机关和司法人员的压力,强化司法的权威性和独立性。

To deal with problems fairly is the kernel of judicature. But in real society,there must be differences in social structure of plaintiff (prosecutor),defendant and the third party (judge,public procurator,police, etc.). Such differences will exert great or not influences on judicial subject’s act and consequently on the realization of judicial fairness. So it’s very important to control them. For this,three measures should be adopted:Firstly,reforming law cases’ social structure to eliminate the differences and impelling the plaintiff (or prosecutor) and the defendant to be equal in status. Secondly,reducing the amount of information reflecting such structure’s characteristics and getting into the process of law treatment to weaken the influences of the objective differences. Thirdly,strengthen judicial personnel’s self-restrain of morality,lighten the pressure brought by systematic and social factors on judiciary and its personnel,and strengthen judicial authority and independence.