陆地棉不同群体主要性状的遗传力及杂种优势分析

Analysis on Heritability and Heterosis of Main Traits of Different Population in Upland Cotton

以1个高强纤维品系为父本,6个常规棉品系、5个转Bt基因抗虫棉品系和5个彩色棉品系为母本配制杂交组合,利用AD模型,分析了3个群体杂交组合主要性状的遗传力和杂种优势表现。结果表明,常规棉群体和抗虫棉群体的衣分、籽棉产量等性状基因显性效应对杂种一代性状形成起主导作用,彩色棉群体的籽棉产量受加性和非加性效应共同控制,而衣分的遗传变异主要来自基因的加性效应。常规棉群体的比强度以显性效应为主,抗虫棉和彩色棉群体的比强度以加性效应为主。3类群体中2.5%跨长和马克隆值的遗传效应均以加性效应为主,同时受非加性效应的影响也较大。常规棉群体和抗虫棉群体的产量性状有一定的杂种优势,纤维长度和细度基本上没有优势,纤维强度有显著的负优势,但彩色棉群体的纤维长度和强度有一定的正向优势。因而,在品种改良上,可以利用常规棉和转基因抗虫棉的杂种优势大幅度提高产量,利用彩色棉的杂种优势来提高纤维品质。

Heritability and heterosis of economic characters of three types of different crosses with 1 high fiber strength male line and 6 non-transgenic lines,5 Bt transgenic lines,5 naturally colored cotton lines as females were analyzed by AD model.The results showed that:(a) The seed cotton yield and lint percentage traits were mainly controlled by the dominant effect in non-transgenic cotton colony(NTCC) and Bt transgenic cotton colony(TCC).In naturally colored cotton colony(NCCC),the seed cotton yield traits were mainly controlled by the additive effect and non-additive effects, the lint percentage traits were mainly controlled by the additive effects.(b) The dominant effect was principal for fiber strength trait of NTCC while that of TCC and NCCC was controlled by additive effects.(c) The 2.5% span length and micronaire value traits of 3 types of cotton colony were mainly controlled by the additive effect and also influenced by non-additive effects.(d) The heterosis of the yield traits was obvious,but the heterosis of fiber length and fineness was not observed while fiber strength with negative heterosis in NTCC and TCC.Positive heterosis for fiber length and strength in the population of NCCC was significant at 0.10 levels. Therefore,heterosis of non-transgenic cotton colony and Bt transgenic cotton colony can be used for increasing yield in large extent while heterosis of naturally colored cotton colony for improving fiber quality.