改变源库比对花生光合特性及产量的影响

Effect of Leaf-peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield for Peanut

以花生新品种丰花1号高产栽培大田为材料,结荚初期人工摘除50%叶片、摘除50%果针,以不进行处理的作对照。结果表明:在处理后前期,摘叶处理虽然单叶光合速率上升,LAI增长速率增大,对叶片减少有补偿效应,但是叶绿素降解加快,含量下降,衰老加快而形成早衰现象,物质积累少,单果重、生物产量、经济产量、经济系数低于对照。摘除果针处理单叶光合速率虽有降低,但叶绿素含量高,降解速度慢,明显延缓植株衰老,LAI一直处于高水平,物质积累量大,荚果充实好,生物产量、经济产量、经济系数显著高于对照和摘叶处理。

Fenghua 1,the new variety of peanut for high yield field,was used in this study.50% peg or 50% leaf in plant are removed artificially in podding phase,natural plant is control. Although leaf decrease can be compensated a little by the increasing photosynthesis rate of single leaf and LAI high increasing rate,chlorophyll decomposes quickly and its content decreases,which accelerate the senescence of plant.Thus matter accumulation becomes little,and the weight per pod, biomass yield, economic yield and economic index are lower than that of control. Although peg-removal makes photosynthesis rate of single leaf descend,chlorophyll decomposes slowly and its content keeps high,which delay the senescence of whole plant. Thus LAI keeps larger,matter accumulation gets higher,pod plumpness is good,and biomass yield,economic yield and economic index are higher than those of control and the treatment of leaf-removal. This can explain the reason why early senesces often occurs when chemical control is over used,when mulched peanut yields too much and yields earlier,and when peanut grown on dry and poor soil with nutrients deficiency.