三系杂交水稻恢复系选育的实践与体会

Practice and Experience in Breeding Restorer Lines of Three-line Hybrid Rice

回顾了三系杂交稻恢复系选育 10余a来的实践 ,总结了选育恢复系的经验与体会。在采用杂交选育恢复系时应注意以下几方面 :(1)在进行恢复系的某些性状改造时 ,应注意双亲其它重要性状的互补 ,避免双亲具有共同的缺陷 ;(2 )一般选择恢复力强、配合力好的强恢复系作为亲本之一 ,在选育抗性恢复系时 ,则双亲中至少应有一个是抗性强的亲本 ;(3 )注意引入粳稻亲缘或远缘基因 ,以丰富遗传基础 ;(4 )在采用恢×保或保×恢选育恢复系时 ,宜在低世代进行测恢 ;(5 )在杂交后代中选择单株时应注意植株的综合性状 ,如株型、植株抗倒性、籽粒饱满度、灌浆速度和后期落色等。

About ten years of our practices in breeding restorer lines of three-line hybrid rice were reviewed and the experience on breeding restorer lines was summarized. In breeding restorer lines by cross-breeding method, the following aspects should be paid attention to: 1) In improving existing restorer lines in some characters, the selected parents should be complementary in other important characters and have not common unfavorable characters. 2) One of the parents must be good in combining ability and strong in restoring ability. To develop a resistant restorer line, at least one of the parents must be a highly resistant parent. 3) The japonica genetic background or distantly related genes could be introduced into the existing indica restorer lines to enrich the genetic basis. 4) The testcrossing of restoring genes should be conducted in low generations when the hybridizing pattern ″R×B″ or ″B×R″ is adopted in breeding restorer lines. 5) The integration of major characters such as plant type, lodging resistance, grain filling rate, grain plumpness and no early senescence should be considered in selection of single plants in the segregated filial generations.