1997—2002年我国籼型杂交稻稻米样品的米质分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Grain Quality of Indica Hybrid Rice Samples in China during 1997-2002

对 1997— 2 0 0 2年来自全国的 1679份籼型杂交稻委托检验样品的米质测试数据进行了统计分析 ,结果表明 :总体样本达标项目的类型结构———全优类∶优质类∶中等类∶不良类为 1.5 %∶40 .0 %∶5 3 .3 %∶5 .2 % ;年度样本的类型结构呈逐年优化趋势 ,从1997年到 2 0 0 2年 ,全优类和优质类样品的比重大幅度提高。总体样本的综合品质指数为 5 4.43 ,超过优质米 2级综合分值 (5 2分 ) ;年度样本品质指数由 1997年的 5 2 .41上升至 2 0 0 2年的 5 5 .3 6。样本 12项米质指标的品质水平高低不一 ,1级优质米指向度最高的是碱消值 (90 .0 % ) ;指向度为负值的项目主要有垩白米率、垩白度及整精米率 ,是今后籼型杂交稻品质改良的关键性指标。

The data of the grain quality test of 1 679 entries of indica hybrid rice samples from all over China during 1997—2002 were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the structure of the types based on the items up to the rice fine quality standards issued by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (CMA) for the whole population was that All fine (A)∶Fine (F)∶Medium (M)∶Poor (P)=1.5%∶40.0%∶53.3%∶5.2%. The trend of this structure during 1997—2002 was improved year by year. From 1997 to 2002, the rates of Type A and Type F samples were increased to a great extent. The integrated quality score for the whole population during 1997—2002 was 54.43, higher than that (52) of the second class fine quality standards. The integrated score for the yearly samples was increased from 52.41 in 1997 to (55.36) in 2002. Among all of the twelve grain quality traits, the degree to fine quality level varied. The trait of gelatinization temperature had the highest value in the degree to the first class fine quality standard (90.0%), but the traits of chalky grain rate, chalkiness and head rice recovery had very low such values (-94.2%, -56.2% and -21.7%, respectively), so they are the key characters to be paid attention to in the grain quality improvement of indica hybrid rice in the future.