中国百年间史学理论研究的回顾与反思

A Retrospection and Introspection on the Studies of China History Theories in the 20th Century

20世纪以来百年间的史学理论研究,有成就、有经验,也有缺陷、有教训,西方史学理论的输入,促进了中国史学的近代化进程,开阔了中国史学家的眼界,但存在理解不深、生搬硬套的倾向。马克思主义唯物史观的传播,给中国史学与中国社会带来翻天覆地的变化,成就斐然,影响深远,但一度出现"左"的偏向和公式化的问题。改革开放至今20多年的史学理论研究,思想活跃,但仍然存在深度不够、许多问题尚未解决的遗憾。对这总的史学理论发展历程予以回顾、反思,从而提出今后史学理论建设的任务,是十分必要的。

China historians had made great achievements and gotten many lessons also for the studies of history theories in the 20th century. The influx of the Western history theories speeded up the modernization development of China history research, and broadened China historians' views on one hand but with some problems, such as copying the theories mechanically and applying the theories indiscriminately on the other hand. While the spread of Marxism material conception of history have made such epoch-making changes not only in Chinese history but also in Chinese society that has made great achievements and far-reaching influence on Chinese history research, however, with a formalistic problem by the Left-school's prejudice. At the same time, the history theories studies in the recent 20 years from the early stage of reformation and opening period have been very active but the research level is still superficial and many problems have not been solved. It is necessary to retrospect and introspect the progress of history theories research for the future research tasks.