1840—1860年间清政府三种外交体系分析

An ambiguous boundary of 1840 in chinese history:A reappraisal of Qing's diplomatic policy,1840-1860

两次鸦片战争期间的中外关系 ,如果按照类型分析法标准来划分 ,可以基本分为朝贡体系Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型三类。中国与三类国家间的关系及其各自体制内部的演变错综复杂。两次鸦片战争之间的中外关系显然发生了重要变化。澄清这一时期中外关系复杂的性质 ,对中国近代史研究具有重要意义。

Qing's relations with nations can be divided into three categories:tributary system Ⅰ,tributary system Ⅱ and tributary system Ⅲ.Each system was evolving and they were complicated.In 20 years after the Opium War,Qing's diplomatic policy had been changed,but Qing's diplomacy was the development toward the Chinese tradition.China's diplomacy had not been influenced by the west.The reappraisal of Qing's diplomacy is important in the modern Chinese history's study.