孟子“万物皆备于我”章臆解

Hypothetical Interpretation of “All Are for Myself ” in Mencius

孟子“万物皆备于我”章从已有的和可能的解释看 ,大致包含三重意蕴 :在知识论层面 ,孟子的命题并未建构一种主—客之间对象性关系框架和主体性姿态 ,而是超越了认识论意义上的主—客体关系 ,超越了唯物论和唯心论及其对立意义上的心物关系 ;在道德哲学层面 ,它从性善论和道德的自足性角度给出了道德的内在理由 ,并从境界和功夫两个方面说明了“万物皆备于我”的伦理学意义 ;在形而上学层面 ,它彰显了人的存在论基础 ,“万物之理皆备于我”和“万物皆备于吾心”从不同侧面阐释并发挥了孟子的命题 ,从而凸显了“万物皆备于我”的形而上学意蕴。

Viewed from the existing and possible interpretations of “All Are for Myself”in Mencius, Mencius' proposition has roughly three fold implications:epistemologically,it has constructed not an objective relational framework between the subject and the object,nor a subjective stance.Instead,it transcends the subject-object relationship in terms of epistemology,and materialism and idealism and the mind-thing relationship in terms of their opposition to each other.From the perspective of moral philosophy,it offers the inner reason for the existence of morality on the basis of the doctrine of man is born good,and the self-sufficiency of morality,and thus explains the ethical significance of “All Are for Myself”. Metaphysically,it gives prominence to the basis of man's existence,holding that either“All Are for Myself”or “All Are for My Mind” explains and elaborates this proposition so as to lay stress on the metaphysical implication of“All Are for Myself”.