从方言词的同词异字现象看章太炎《新方言》的成就

Variant Characters of the Same Word in Dialects and the Achievement of ZHANG Tai-yan's New Dialects

本文将记录同一个方言词的不同书写形式称为同词异字。方言词同词异字现象的研究有助于解决大型语文辞书尤其是方言词典或字典编纂中的立目、用字等方面出现的问题,也有利于汉语词汇吏、语源学的研究,对汉语方言文献的正确评价和对现代汉语词汇的丰富与规范也有积极的参考作用,章太炎《新方言》中和今方言词有关的216组同词异字对方言词典的编纂有直接的参考作用,其中有20组和《汉语方言大词典》漏收的词语有关,40组和《汉语方言大词典》中的孤证有关,17组和汉语通用口语词有关。

The paper holds that the study of the variant characters of the same word in various dialects is contributory to solving problems in lexicography, particularly in that of dialects, and is beneficial to the historical studies of Chinese vocabulary and etymology, the assessment of ancient dialect documents, and the enrichment and standardization of modern Chinese usage. As such, ZHANG Tai-yan's New Dialects, especially the 216 pairs of variant characters of the same words listed wherein, plays a vital role in modern lexicology.