商业银行对中小企业“惜贷”的原因及对策

Causes of and Countermeasures to Chinese Commercial Banks' Reluctance to Lend Money to Small Businesses

我国商业银行在中小企业贷款问题上存在明显的“惜贷”倾向。其直接原因是中小企业普遍经济效益较差、信用不良、信息不透明 ,使银行无法保证预期收益。内部原因是两类激励相容问题 ,一是利率法定、企业缺乏抵押担保等客观因素所导致的商业银行与中小企业之间的激励不相容 ;二是内部制度不完善所导致的商业银行所有者与各级经营者之间的激励不相容。要从根本上解决这一难题 ,必须加快商业银行现代企业制度建设 ,推进信用担保资源社会化和利率自由化进程 ,同时也有待于中小企业整体经济效益的好转。

Chinese commercial banks show remarkable reluctance to extend credit to small businesses, the immediate cause of which is small businesses are usually bringing in less profit, suffering from bad credit record, and inadequate in providing essential information, which endanger the banks' expected profit. The internal cause is the two types of problems concerning incentive compatibility: one is the incompatibility between the incentives on the part of banks resulted from such objective reasons as government fixed interest and businesses' shortage of mortgage and that of small businesses; the other is the incompatibility of the incentives on the part of owners of commercial banks and that of the management at various levels due to imperfect internal rules. To solve the problem, the construction of modern corporation system in commercial banks should be quickened so as to promote the socialization of credit resources and liberalization of interest while the overall efficiency of small businesses must be improved, social credit system and relevant laws be perfected and market-oriented economic reform be deepened.