传染病控制与国际法

On controlling infectious disease and international law

全球化时代控制传染病这一公共健康问题必须进行国际合作才能解决。WTO及其SPS协议在控制通过国际货物贸易传染疾病方面有一些法律机制。国际卫生条例(IHR)是约束WHO成员国防止传染病蔓延的主要国际法律机制。世界卫生组织针对传染病的新形势,对国际卫生条例进行了修改,其修改集中于:(1)扩大各国报告义务范围;(2)加强对非官方信息的依赖;(3)各国出现紧急状态时,WHO采取什么控制方式、建议还是其他;(4)争端解决方式。此外,还有信息、媒体、人权等其他一些法律问题。

In the times of globalization, Controlling infectious disease as a problem of public sanitation can be solved only by international cooperation. There is some legal system on the aspect of controlling infectious disease by international good trade in WTO and the contract of SPS. International Health Rules (IHR) is the main international legal system that restricts the members in preventing infectious disease from spreading. WTO has modified some terms of IHR in allusion to the new situation of infectious disease. The modification centralizes in the following aspects: (1) Expanding the scales of members' reporting duty (2) Depending on the non-official information much more (3) When some nations is in emergency, which methods, advice or others WHO should take. (4) Dispute solving system. What's more, there are some other legal problems such as information, media and human rights.