股份制:导向社会主义的经济哲学诠释——论马克思的股份制理论及中共十六届三中全会《决定》对它的重大发展

Stock System:an Annotation on the Economic Philosophy Leading to Socialism ——About Marx's Theory of Stock System and the Important Contribution made to Its Development by "the Resolution" of Thind Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee

《资本论》最精彩的部分之一,是其对股份制的分析及预见。它认为,由于生产力发展的要求,企业逐渐向股份制演进,形成"两权分离",即企业财产所有权和占有权(即法律上的经营权)的分离是客观趋势;"两权分离"必然导致企业财产占有使用社会化。由此出发,马克思曾设想通过股份制实现社会主义,但"反修"使马克思科学的股份制理论被长期淡化,形成社会主义经济的近百年曲折。中共十六届三中全会《决定》直接继承并发挥了马克思科学的股份制理论,形成了关于社会主义公有制理论的一大突破,即使股份制成为社会主义公有制主要实现形式。可以把这种"新公有制"称为"股份制社会主义",它实际上也是在"重建个人所有制"(马克思语),为包括个人自由全面发展在内的共产主义创造经济和主体的前提。

One of the most splendid parts of 'On Capital' is its analysis and foresight of the stock system.Due to the demand of the development of productive forces,enterprises are making gradual progress to stock system,and then a separation of the property ownership from the possession right of the enterprises (a legal power of management) is shaping up,which,in Marx's opinion,is an objective trend.'The separation of the two rights' is sure to lead to the sociaciztion of the possession and management of the business property.It is easily seen that,Marx once had an indea of realizing the socialism by carrying out stock system,but 'the idea of anti-revisionism' has fainted the theory of stock system of Marx science for a long time,and resulted in nearly ten-decades' complications in socialist economy.'The Resolution' of Third plenary session of the 16th Central Committee carries forward directly and develops the stock system theory of Marx Science.This is an important break-through of the theory of the socialist public ownership,i,e.,making the stock system a main form of socialist public ownership.We may call this 'New public ownership' 'stock system socialism'.In fact,'it is rebuilding individual ownership'(a quotation from Marx),creating economy and the premise of subject for the communism developing in an all round way including personal freedom.