泉州湾泥沙运移特征的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Sediment Transportation Characteristics of Quanzhou Bay

泉州湾属于潮流、径流和波浪综合作用下的山地海湾，根据两次 (1994 年 6 月和 2001 年 12 月) 水文泥沙实测资料，分析泉州湾悬浮泥沙和沉积物分布特征，研究其沉积物来源，并探讨北水道的沉积速率。悬浮泥沙含量自河口（湾顶）-湾口-外海逐渐降低。高值区出现在水道和河口，冬季高于夏季，大、中潮高于小潮。泉州湾沉积物分布与水动力强弱环境呈很好的对应关系。晋江携带入海的泥沙是研究区的主要物源；海岸侵蚀来沙与湾外来沙也提供了部分物源。南、北水道分别属于落潮槽与涨潮槽两种不同性质的水道。北水道沉积物较细，以沉积作用为主，其入口处淤积程度较轻，而在上游淤积程度相对较重；南水道流速较大，沉积物较粗，是泥沙输运主要通道，地形变化不明显。

Quanzhou Bay is a mountain bay mainly controlled by tide, runoff and wave. Based on the data obtained in two cruises, the paper studies the distribution of suspended and bedload sediments, and discusses sediment sources and sedimentation rate in the northern channel. The concentration of suspended sediment decreases seawards from the mouths of Luoyangjiang River and Jinjiang River. In the channels and the river mouth, the concentration value is higher than other areas, that in winter is higher than that in summer, and that during the spring tide is higher than that during the neap tide. The distribution of sediments correspouds well with the hydrodynamic environment. Both suspended and bedload sediments are mainly derived from the Jinjiang River. Material from costal erosion and outer sea also contribute part of the sediment source. The southern channel is an ebb channel, while the northern channel a flood one. The northern channel is dominated with deposition and filled with fine-grained sediments. At the entrance of it, the sedimentation rate is low, but upwards the sedimentation rate is high. The southern channel has a higher flow velocity and transports more sediment than the northern one, filled with coarse-grained sediments, and without notable topographic changes.