脂类分析在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展

Research Progress of Lipid Analysis in Marine Microalgal Chemotaxonomy

总结了目前脂类研究在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展。所有的海洋微藻脂类都含有一定的脂肪酸和甾醇，而不同种类的海洋微藻都有其特殊的脂肪酸和甾醇组成特征，我们可以运用这些特性来判别微藻可能所处的化学分类学地位；如果运用从某些藻类中发现的部分罕见脂类成分，还有可能对微藻的个别种类进行确定。随着对微藻中脂类物质分离、提取、纯化技术研究的不断深入，加上质谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段和脂类衍生化技术的日益完善，可以构建海洋微藻脂类物质组成结构快速查询信息库，并使其成为微藻化学分类的一个重要辅助手段。

The research progresses on chemotaxanomy of marine microalgae have been reviewed. Although certain kinds of fatty acids and sterols exist ubiquitously in all microalgae, the different microalgal species contain special fatty acids and sterols, and with those characteristics, we can classify the possible taxonomic state of the microalgae. Nevertheless, some uncommon fatty acids can be used in rapid identification of microalgal taxonomy. Along with the technical progress on lipid extraction, isolation, and purification, structural analysis using mass spectrometry and NMR, as well as new lipid derivatization method, lipid composition and structural database could be potentially developed as a useful tool of marine microalgal chemotaxonomy.