马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒的检测和防治

IDENTIFICATION OF POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID(PSTVD)AND ITS CONTROL

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒病(potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)是一种严重为害马铃薯生产的病害,降低产量20%—30%。防治的主要措施是应用无类病毒的种薯。由于目前还没有脱掉类病毒的有效措施,只能从未被饱和侵染的群体中鉴定筛选出未被侵染的个体,再脱掉其它病毒,作为核心繁殖材料。1987年以来,利用自制的电泳设备,以往复聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,R-PAGE)检测类病毒,筛选出未感病的个体,再用茎尖组织培养法脱掉其它病毒。经用马铃薯卷叶病毒等8种病毒酶标抗体鉴定筛选,获得既无类病毒也无主要马铃薯病毒的克新1、2、3和4号等主栽马铃薯品种的核心种。并已提供给省内外的良种场繁殖推广。1989和1990年抽样检测克山良种场繁殖的原种、一级和二级良种,未检测到类病毒。

Potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd)is widely spreaded in table-stock potato fields of Heilongjiang Province and caused yield losses of20%-30%.Principal control procedure is to use seed tuber known to befree from PSTVd,such as goverment-inspected certified seed.Selectionof nuclear propagating materials free from PSTVd can only be carriedout slowly because there is no quick procedure for viroid identification.Since 1987,viroid was tested by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophore-sis(R-PAGE)using simpler equipment and obtained results as good asusing manufactured equipment.Selections of seed materials free fromviroid and main potato viruses were carried out by R-PAGE and ELISAusing eight kind of enzyme-antibody conjugates including anti-PLRVantibody conjugate and the nuclear propagating materials of main potatovarieties Kexin No.1 and No.4 were obtained.From 1988,we havesupplied these nuclear propagating materials to seed potato farms ofHeilongjiang,Shanxi,Shaanxi,and Inner Mongolia and a large area ofeach classes of Elites were planted.In 1989 and 1990,identification ofnuclear materials,Elite 1 and Elite 2 sampled from Keshan secondcrop seed farm for PSTVd was carried out by R-PAGE and showednegative results.Selections free from PSTVd of nuclear propagatingmaterials of other main varieties Kexin No.2 and Kexin No.3 werealso obtained and propagated.