青海东部高原地区人群的扩展高频测听结果分析

Analysis of Extended High Frequency Audiometry in People Without Noise Pollution

目的 了解青海东部高原地区居民的扩展高频听力状况 ,探讨扩展高频测听对早期发现噪声性聋的敏感性 ,为噪声性聋的早期防治提供参考依据。方法 在青海省东部高原地区选择健康受试者共计 30 0例为实验组 ,进行以高频测听为主的听力检测 ,同时在南京市选择年龄、性别相匹配的健康人 30 0名作为对照组。结果 低频及言语频率上的听阈两组之间无显著差异 ,随着频率的递增 ,高频阈值升高 ,测得听阈的可能性减小。但在 6kHz以上的扩展高频上 ,实验组听阈在个别频率上要显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;但两组中儿童组与青少年组的扩展高频听阈在同一频率上的检出率均无显著差异。流行病学调查结果说明无噪声污染区人群的听力较之对照组实际上已经有了不易察觉的早期损伤。结论 脉冲噪声对听力的损伤首先从 10～ 2 0kHz开始 ,其变化是从 2 0kHz向 10kHz处发展。该地区人群接触脉冲噪声所致的听力微损伤造成了扩展高频听阈的升高。扩展高频测听对早期发现噪声性聋具有一定的帮助。

Objective To study the auditory function with extended high frequency audiometry for people in Qinghai province without noise pollution and evaluate the sensitivity of diagnosing noise induced hearing loss with this method. To investigate the epidemiological data of noise induced hearing loss in this area.Methods 300 people lived in highland in Qinghai province received hearing tests including extended high frequency audiometry. At the same time,another 300 people were chosen in Nanjing as control group.Results There was no significant difference between hearing threshold of low frequencies and speech frequencies. With the testing frequencies steped up, the hearing threshold of high frequencies rose up. But the hearing threshold of people in area without noise pollution was significantly higher than that of the control above the 6 kHz.No difference between children and young people was found in 2 groups. The epidemiological data revealed that the hearing of people without noise pollution had undetected damage compared with the control group. The main cause was impulse noise.Conclusion The damage to hearing of impulse noise developed from 20 kHz to 10 kHz. If it was ignored, it would develop to the speech frequencies and the hearing loss would get worse. So the extended high frequency audiometry was thought helpful to screen noise induce hearing loss early.