柑桔属11个类群叶精油成分与系统进化关系

SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTIONAL RELATION OF CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS FROM 11 TAXA OF CITRUS LEAVES

用色-质联用的质谱和弹性石英毛细柱气相色谱I_(TP)值的双重鉴定法,研究了柑桔属(Ci-trus)11个类群叶片精油成分。找出大翼橙类特征成分是香茅醛;枸橼类特征成分是橙花醛和香叶醛;柚类特征成分是橙花醛、香叶醛和香芹酮;橙类特征成分是香叶烯和芳樟醇或桧烯和芳樟醇;桔亚类特征成分是芳樟醇;柑亚类特征成分是芳樟醇氧化物。结果表明不同分类单位有不同GC图谱,从较高分类单位到较低分类单位其差异减小;不同类(组)其GC图谱差异最大,同类不同种则GC图谱差异显著,同类同种不同品种则GC图谱差异较小;这些差异性或相似性反映亲缘关系的远近,是建立自然分类的重要依据。从精油特征成分、生源合成途径和形态特征证明柑桔属各类的系统演化。

With fused silica capillary column for GC, according to Kovats retention index I_(TP) of GC and GC-MS--DS double identification, chemical components of the essential oils from 11 taxa in Citrus leaves were studied. It has been found that the characteristic component of Papeda sec- tion is citronellal; that of Aurantium section is 'myrcene and linalool' or 'sabinene and li- nalool'; that of Microacrumen subsection is linalool; that of Macroacrumen subsection is Z-, E-linalooloxide and that the characteristic components of Citrophorum section are neral and geranial and those of Cephalocitrus section are neral, geranial and carvone. Our study indicates that there are different GC configurations for various taxonomic units. The differences nar- row from sections to species and from species to cultivars. The differences are greatest am- ong sections and remarkable among different species of the same section. Different culativars of the same species of the same section have similar GC patterns. All these differences or si- milarities reflect their close or distant relationships, which are the important bases for setting up natural classification. The systematic evolution of the sections of genus Citrus may corre- late well with the characteristic components, the biosynthesis pathways and the morphological characters.