北五味子的果实解剖研究

STUDIES ON FRUIT ANATOMY OF SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS BAILLON.

采用不同花期的子房与花谢后的果实解剖制片为材料,综合研究结果,明确北五味子的雌花,其离生心皮雌蕊群呈螺旋状着生在圆顶状的花托上。每一个单雌蕊均由鸡冠状柱头与下面膨大的子房构成。花柱缺如。子房有自背缝线上发生的假隔膜隔开,致将子房形成假二室;胚珠倒生乃至弯生,亚边缘胎座(submarginal placenta),受精后发育成旋生聚合浆果(spiral-baccacetum),内含种子1-3(2)枚。种子属双子叶有胚乳种子,胚甚小,约为种子的1/50。

As everyone knows, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baillon is a kind ofaggregate fruits. But what kind of the fruits (drupe, berry, capsule orfollicle) the fruitlet is a question in plant taxonomy and plant morphology.Few people have studied the position where the fruits developed. In orderto clarify the problems mentioned above, anatomical studies were made onthe fruits of S. chinensis from the appearence of ovary to the formation ofthe fruits. The results showed that the simple pistil of apocarpous gynoeciumdeveloped spirally on the domed receptacle with superior ovary. Ovulewas anatropous and campylotropous with integuments of double layer, sub-marginal placentation. During the development of the ovary, spurious disse-piment consisting of several layers of cells occured on the dorsal sutureand a pseudo-dithecal ovary was formed. The fruits, the most primitiveform of the berries, were spiral-baccacetum. They were developed directlyfrom the spiral-follicetum which commonly existed in the plants of Magno-liales. The receptacle developed from domed form at flowering stage to acylindric form at fruiting stage. This may be a kind of atavism in thephylogeny of the plants.