马来酸酐双酯型阳离子可聚合表面活性剂的合成研究

Synthesis of novel cationic maleic diester polymerizable surfactant

合成了马来酸酐双酯型阳离子可聚合表面活性剂,采用马来酸酐与十二醇开环生成十二烷基马来酸酐半酯;用2-(二乙氨基)氯乙烷盐酸盐在弱碱性(KHCO3)条件下与十二烷基马来酸酐半酯烷基化而生成亮黄色油状的长链叔胺;然后用溴化苄与十二烷基叔胺季胺化而生成马来酸酐双酯型阳离子可聚合表面活性剂,研究结果表明:当十二烷基叔胺与溴化苄反应摩尔比为1:1.2,反应温度为60℃,于丁酮中反应2,4 h,表面活性单体产率最高可达68.65％,红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱证实了所合成表面活性剂的结构,该产品能显著降低水的表面张力(28.21 mN·m-1),并具有较低的临界胶束浓度(0.0167 mmol·L-1).

Polymerizable surfactant is synthesized through a three-step synthesis process. The process starts from ring opening of maleic anhydrate, follows by oalkylation with 2-(N, N-diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochlo-ride, resulting in an oil-like substance tertiary amine, and then ends with quaternization of the amino group by using benzyl bromide.The experiment results show that the optimum molar ration of 2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyldodecyl-maleater: benzyl bromide is 1:1.2, under the experimental condition of the reaction temperature 60 ℃ ; the reaction time 24 h, the solvent 2-butanone,and the yield of 2-(N,N,N-diethylamino)ethyldodecyl maleater bromide is 68.65 % . IR and 1HNMR have confirmed the chemical structure of the synthesized surfactant. The values of critical micelle concentration and the surface tension of the synthesized surfactant are 0.0167 mmol·L-1 and 28.21 mN·m-1.